R900411314 Z2DB6VD2-42/200V力士乐减压阀

R900411314 Z2DB6VD2-42/200V力士乐减压阀

减压阀的作用原理是靠阀内流道对水流的局部阻力降低水压，水压降的范围由连接阀瓣的薄膜或活塞两侧的进出口水压差自动调节。定比减压原理是利用阀体中浮动活塞的水压比控制，进出口端减压比与进出口侧活塞面积比成反比。这种减压阀工作平稳无振动；阀体内无弹簧，故无弹簧锈蚀、金属疲劳失效之虑；密封性能良好不渗漏，因而既减动压（水流动时）又减静压（流量为0时）；特别是在减压的同时不影响水流量。

水流通过减压阀虽有很大的水头损失，但由于减少了水的浪费并使系统流量分布合理、改善了系统布局与工况，因此总体上讲仍是节能的。介质为蒸汽的场合，宜选用先导活塞式减压阀或先导波纹管式减压阀。为了操作、调整和维修的方便，减压阀一般应安装在水平管道上。

（1）出口压力几乎等于进口压力，不减压

这一故障现象表现为：减压阀进出口压力接近相等，而且出口压力不随调压手柄的旋转调节而变化。产生原因和排除方法如下。

①因主阀芯上或阀体孔沉割槽棱边上有毛刺或者主阀芯与阀体孔之间的间隙里卡有污物，或者因主阀芯或阀孔形位公差超差，产生液压卡紧，将主阀芯卡死在较大开度(max)的位置上，由于开口大，油液不减压。此时可根据上述情况分别采取去毛刺、清洗和修复阀孔和阀芯精度的方法予以排除。

②因主阀芯与阀孔配合过紧，或装配时拉毛阀孔或阀芯，将阀芯卡死在较大开度位置上，此时可选配合理的间隙。J型减压阀配合间隙一般为0. 007～0. 015mm，配前可适当研磨阀孔，再配阀芯。

③主阀芯短阻尼孔或阀座孔堵塞，失去了自动调节机能，主阀弹簧力将主阀推往较大开度，变成直通无阻，进口压力等于出口压力。可用φ1. Omm钢丝或用压缩空气吹通阻尼孔，并进行清洗再装配。

④对J型减压阀，带阻尼孔的阻尼件是压入主阀芯内的，使用中有可能因过盈量不够而冲出。冲出后，使进油腔与出油腔压力相等（无阻尼），而阀芯上下受力面积相等，但出油腔有一弹簧，所以主阀芯总是处于较大开度的位置，使出口压力等于入口压力。此时需重新加工外径稍大的阻尼件并重新压入主阀芯。

⑤JF型减压阀，出厂时泄油孑L是用油塞堵住的。当此油塞未拧出而使用时，使主阀芯上腔（弹簧腔）困油，导致主阀芯处于较大开度而不减压。J型管式阀与此相同。J型板式阀如果设计安装板时未使L口连通油池也会出现此现象。

⑥对J型管式阀，拆修时很容易将阀盖装错方向（错90°或180°），使外泄油口堵死，无法排油，造成同上的困油现象，使主阀顶在较大开度而不减压。修理时将阀盖装配方向装对即可。

⑦对JF型减压阀，顶盖方向装错时，会使输出油孔与泄油孔相通，造成不减压，也须注意。

(2)出口压力很低，即使拧紧调压手轮，压力也升不起来

①减压阀进出油口接反了：对板式阀为安装板设计有错，对管式阀是接管错误。J型减压阀的进出油口跟Y型溢流阀的进出油口刚好相反。用户使用时请注意阀上油口附近所打的钢印标记（Pl、P2、L等字样），或查阅液压元件产品目录，不可设计错和接错。

②进油口压力太低，经减压阀芯节流口后，从出油口输出的压力更低，此时应查明进油口压力低的原因（例如溢流阀故障）。

③减压阀下游回路负载太小．压力建立不起来，此时可考虑在减压阀下游串接节流阀来解决。

④先导阀（锥阀）与阀座配合面之间因污物滞留而接触不良，不密合；或先导锥阀有严重划伤，阀座配合孑L失圆，有缺口，造成先导阀芯与阀座孔不密合。

⑤拆修时，漏装锥阀或锥阀未安装在阀座孔内。对此，可检查锥阀的装配情况或密合情况。

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